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swarming motility
Swarming motility is a rapid (2–10 μm/s) and coordinated translocation of a bacterial population across solid or semi-solid surfaces, and is an example of bacterial multicellularity and swarm behaviour. Swarming motility was first reported by Jorgen Henrichsen and has been mostly studied in genus ''Serratia'', ''Salmonella'', ''Aeromonas'', ''Bacillus'', ''Yersinia'', ''Pseudomonas'', ''Proteus'', ''Vibrio'' and ''Escherichia''.
This multicellular behavior has been mostly observed in controlled laboratory conditions and relies on two critical elements: 1) the nutrient composition and 2) viscosity of culture medium (i.e. % agar).〔 One particular feature of this type of motility is the formation of dendritic fractal-like patterns formed by migrating swarms moving away from an initial location. Although the majority of species can produce tendrils when swarming, some species like ''Proteus mirabilis'' do form concentric circles motif instead of dendritic patterns.
==Biosurfactant, quorum sensing and swarming==
In some species, swarming motility requires the self-production of biosurfactant to occur.〔 Biosurfactant synthesis is usually under the control of an intercellular communication system called quorum sensing. Biosurfactant molecules are thought to act by lowering surface tension, thus permitting bacteria to move across a surface.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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